Lawyer I Trust Guide · General U.S. information · Reviewed September 16, 2026
The United States federal government provides two primary programs for individuals with disabilities: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Both programs are administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) and are designed to provide financial support to those who meet specific criteria regarding their health and, in some cases, their financial history.
Understanding SSDI and SSI
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is a federal program established under Title II of the Social Security Act. It is designed to provide monthly income to individuals who are unable to work due to a disability and who have paid a sufficient amount of Social Security taxes through their employment history. Eligibility for SSDI is generally based on your age, the nature of your disability, and your work history—specifically, how long you have worked and contributed to the Social Security system.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI), established under Title XVI of the Social Security Act, serves a different purpose. It is a needs-based program intended for individuals who have little to no income and limited resources. Unlike SSDI, which is tied to your work record, SSI is funded by general tax revenues rather than Social Security taxes. To qualify for SSI, an applicant must meet the SSA’s definition of disability and demonstrate financial need.
Defining Disability and the Application Process
For both programs, the Social Security Administration uses a strict definition of disability. To be considered eligible, an individual must have a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that is expected to result in death or has lasted—or is expected to last—for a continuous period of at least 12 months. The impairment must be severe enough to prevent the individual from engaging in substantial gainful activity.
The application process for disability benefits is comprehensive and often lengthy. It typically involves submitting detailed medical records, employment history, and personal information. Once an application is filed, it undergoes a review process to determine if the applicant meets the necessary medical and non-medical criteria. This review can take several months to complete.
Appealing a Decision
It is not uncommon for initial applications for disability benefits to be denied. If an applicant receives a denial, the Social Security system provides a structured appeals process. This process allows individuals to challenge the decision at multiple levels, including reconsideration, a hearing before an administrative law judge, and further reviews by the Appeals Council. Because the evidentiary requirements for these appeals can be complex, many applicants find it helpful to understand the specific administrative steps required to present their case effectively.
Managing your benefits, checking the status of an application, or understanding payment schedules is often facilitated through the creation of a personal “my Social Security” account on the official SSA website. This digital tool allows beneficiaries to monitor their status and receive updates regarding their claims.
Sources and further reading
Educational information only. This guide is not legal advice. Laws and procedures vary by jurisdiction.